I think they get introduced on plants, most likely. They flourish under conditions where there are lots of fine particulates in the water. In this tank's case....since I'm raising baby plecos, they are getting fed Extreme Catfish Scrapers, which I find fall apart easily once in the water, and the babies really get them to disperse into the water column very quickly in their feeding frenzy.
They can indicate a problem, but I find that in my tanks it usually just means that I'm feeding something that creates particulates and that I need to vacuum the substrate more often.